Eighty years ago, in August 1945, the world saw hope and horror. On August 1, 1945, just weeks after the adoption of the UN Charter, the leaders of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union signed the Potsdam Agreement, which produced hope for a peaceful post-war world. Only some days later, the world saw the horror of nuclear bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. A cold war followed.